The On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD2) system is a standardized system used in most vehicles today, providing access to vital vehicle health information. For Subaru owners and automotive professionals working on these vehicles, understanding the Subaru Obd2 Pinout is crucial. This knowledge allows for accurate diagnostics, troubleshooting, and repair work, ensuring your Subaru runs smoothly and efficiently. This guide will delve into the specifics of the Subaru OBD2 connector, its pin configuration, and its role in accessing your vehicle’s computer systems.
Decoding the Subaru OBD2 Connector Pinout
The OBD2 connector is a standardized 16-pin interface, but knowing the specific function of each pin within the Subaru OBD2 pinout is essential for effective communication with the vehicle’s diagnostic systems. Below is a detailed breakdown of the standard pin assignments relevant to Subaru vehicles:
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | GND | Ground |
| 4 | CGND | Chassis Ground |
| 5 | SGND | Signal Ground |
| 6 | CAN High | CAN Bus High (J-2284) |
| 7 | K-LINE | ISO 9141-2 and ISO/DIS 14230-4 (K-Line) |
| 9 | Subaru Select Monitor (SSM) Timing Pulse | |
| 11 | Subaru Select Monitor (SSM) Timing Pulse | |
| 12 | Subaru Select Monitor (SSM) to ECM Signal | |
| 13 | ECM to SSM Signal | |
| 14 | CAN Low | CAN Bus Low (J-2284) |
| 15 | ISO 9141-2 L-LINE | ISO 9141-2 and ISO/DIS 14230-4 (L-Line) |
| 16 | +12V | Battery Power |
Understanding these pin assignments is the first step in utilizing your OBD2 port for diagnostics. Pins like 4 and 5 provide ground connections essential for circuit completion, while pin 16 supplies the power to your diagnostic tool directly from the car battery.
Pins 6 and 14 are designated for the CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, a communication protocol widely used in modern vehicles, including newer Subaru models. For older Subaru vehicles, pins 7 and 15 are crucial as they carry the K-Line and L-Line signals, part of the ISO 9141-2 and ISO 14230-4 protocols used for communication.
Pins 9, 11, 12, and 13 are specifically related to the Subaru Select Monitor (SSM) system, a proprietary diagnostic system used by Subaru. These pins facilitate communication between the SSM and the Engine Control Module (ECM).
Subaru OBD2 Compatibility and Protocols Across Models
While the OBD2 connector is standardized, the communication protocols used and the level of compatibility can vary depending on the Subaru model year and region. Here’s a breakdown of Subaru OBD2 compatibility and the protocols they typically employ:
| Model | Engine | Year (starting from) | OBD-2 Protocol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subaru Forester | Gasoline (168 HP) | 1999 | |
| 2.0 turbo, Gasoline (177HP) | 2000 | ISO 9141 | |
| 2.0 Atmo, Gasoline (125HP) | 2001 | ISO 9141 | |
| Subaru Impreza | gx, Gasoline (125HP) | 2000 | ISO 9141 |
| 2.0 Turbo 16s, Gasoline (217HP) | 2001 | ISO 9141 | |
| 2.0 turbo, Gasoline (225HP) | 2001 | ISO 9141 | |
| 1.6, Gasoline (95HP) | 2002 | ISO 9141 | |
| 2.0 Turbo, Gasoline (265HP) | 2003 | ISO 9141 | |
| Subaru Impreza GD/GG | Gasoline (124 HP) | 2000 | ISO 9141-2 |
| Subaru Impreza GX | Gasoline (124 HP) | 2001 | ISO 14230-4, ISO 9141-2 |
| Subaru Impreza WRX | 2002 | ISO 14230-4, ISO 9141-2 | |
| Gasoline (222 HP) | 2003 | ISO 14230-4, ISO 9141-2 | |
| Gasoline (227 HP) | 2006 | ISO 14230-4, ISO 9141-2 | |
| Subaru Impreza WRX GD/GG | Gasoline (215 HP) | 2000 | |
| Subaru Legacy | 2.5 BE/BH, Gasoline (155 HP) | 2000 | ISO 9141-2 |
| 2.5i, Gasoline (165HP) | 2004 | KWP FAST | |
| 2, Gasoline or LPG (138HP) | 2005 | KWP FAST | |
| 2.0, Gasoline (163 HP) | 2007 | CAN | |
| 2.0 D, Diesel (150HP) | 2009 | CAN 11bit (500kb) | |
| 2.0 | 2001 | ISO 14230-4, ISO 9141-2 | |
| Subaru OUTBACK | Gasoline (155 HP) | 2000 | |
| 2.5i, Gasoline or LPG (165HP) | 2005 | KWP FAST | |
| 2.5l gpl, Gasoline or LPG (165HP) | 2006 | KWP FAST | |
| 3, Gasoline (245HP) | 2007 | CAN 11bit (500kb) | |
| Subaru Outback Wagon | 2002 | ISO 14230-4, ISO 9141-2 |
OBD Protocols Timeline for Subaru:
- 1996-2002: Predominantly ISO 9141
- 2003-2005: Transition period, utilizing ISO 9141 or KWP2000
- After 2007: Primarily CAN (Controller Area Network)
It’s important to note that some European Subaru models manufactured before 2001 may not fully support standard OBD protocols. Additionally, certain Legacy/Outback models in the USA and Canada from 1996-1998 (potentially 1999) might have an OBD-2 style connector but only support the Subaru Select Monitor (SSM) protocol. These systems often utilize pins 2 and 4 for ground, 12 and 13 for SSM-ECM communication, 14 for automatic transmission communication, and 16 for power.
Delving into the Subaru Select Monitor (SSM)
The Subaru Select Monitor (SSM) is Subaru’s নিজস্ব diagnostic system. It uses TTL serial communication. Connecting your computer to your Subaru’s SSM system is straightforward, requiring a simple 5-volt TTL to RS232 converter or a TTL to USB converter. These converters are readily available and relatively inexpensive, enabling deeper diagnostics beyond standard OBD2 functionalities.
By understanding the Subaru OBD2 pinout and the associated communication protocols like SSM, ISO 9141, and CAN, you can effectively diagnose and maintain your Subaru vehicle, ensuring optimal performance and longevity. Whether you’re a seasoned mechanic or a Subaru owner keen on understanding your car better, this guide provides essential insights into accessing your vehicle’s diagnostic data.
